What defines a ransomware attack?

A ransomware attack is primarily characterized as a type of malware that encrypts files on a victim's system, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to obtain the decryption keys. This method targets the victim's data, which may include personal files, business records, or critical system data, effectively holding it hostage. The perpetrators usually demand payment in cryptocurrencies to make the transactions difficult to trace and may threaten to delete the data or make it permanently inaccessible if the ransom isn't paid within a specified timeframe.

The other options describe different types of threats or tools related to cybersecurity but do not accurately define a ransomware attack. For instance, some options focus on stealing information or enhancing system security, which are distinct from the encryption and ransom aspect that defines ransomware. Understanding this distinction is crucial for identifying, responding to, and preventing ransomware attacks in network security contexts.