In network security, what is the function of a security token?

A security token is a physical or digital entity used in the context of network security to authenticate users and secure access to systems or resources. It functions by generating a unique identifier or code that validates a user's identity and confirms that they have the permissions necessary to access specific network areas or applications. This process helps to ensure that only authorized users can gain access, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the network.

By requiring a security token, organizations can implement multi-factor authentication, which adds an additional layer of security beyond just usernames and passwords. This is particularly important to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches, as it makes it significantly more difficult for malicious actors to impersonate legitimate users.

The other choices reflect different aspects of network management and security but do not directly pertain to the primary function of security tokens. For instance, while cryptographic capabilities enhance data protection, they are not the specific role of a security token. Similarly, metrics management and random data access do not align with the essential purpose of user authentication and access control attained through security tokens.