How does multi-factor authentication increase security?

Multi-factor authentication enhances security by necessitating two or more verification methods from the user before granting access. This approach reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access to sensitive systems and data. By combining multiple methods of authentication—such as something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a mobile device or a security token), and something the user is (like a fingerprint or face recognition)—the security framework becomes significantly stronger.

For example, even if an attacker manages to obtain a user's password, they would still be unable to gain access without also having the second factor, such as a token or biometric identifier. This layered security approach ensures that even if one factor is compromised, the overall security is not entirely jeopardized. Hence, requiring multiple verification methods effectively mitigates various attack vectors, such as phishing, social engineering, and brute force attacks.